COMPARATIVE RESEARCH OF BIOLOGY OF POLLINATION
AND FERTILIZATION OF SPECIES AND FORMS OF ESSENTIAL OIL ROSE

Semenova Elena Fedorovna, Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor, senior staff scientist, sub-department of general and clinical pharmacology, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), sef1957@mail.ru
Presnyakova Elena Viktorovna, Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor, sub-department of medical information systems and technologies, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), spl7@mail.ru

(58.01+581.3+581.4):582.734.4

Background. Better understanding of the progam phase of fertilization of the essential oil rose will help to solve some of problems of theoretical and practical importance. The authors studied in detail the VIII–IX organogenesis stages associated with flowering and pollination types and forms of roses.
Materials and methods. 11 species and 11 hybrids of the essential oil Rose were explored in detail. Microscopic analysis was performed by the fluorescent method after staining with 0,005 % aqueous solution of aniline blue.
Results. There is partial reduction of the generative organs, varying in morphological structure of the flowers and the phenomenon of protandry in the group of varieties and hybrids. These morphological and physiological features of essential oil rose flowers particularly affect the results of natural pollination because they prevent or substantially limit the ingress of pollen on the stigma. As a result, in most cases, seed production is not guaranteed. Germination of pollen in the closed bud in some species (White, Kazanluk, Odessa, Dwarf) was observed in conditions of dry and hot weather. During the hybridization this must be considered.
Conclusions. Analysis of the progam phase of fertilization revealed no physiological barriers of incompatibility. Nevertheless, growth of pollen tubes is different for different hybrid combinations. In crossbreeding of species pollen tubes were characterized by a greater growth rate than in case of being used as the parental form hybrids. The character of pollen germination was largely determined by a variety-pollinator. This indicates the subsequent influence of quantity and quality of pollen falls on the stigma on fertilization and seed setting processes.

biology of pollination, progam phase of fertilization, species and forms of rose, luminescence microscopy, physiological incompatibility, ontogenesis, phenological stages.

1. Levina R. E. Reproduktivnaya biologiya semennykh rasteniy [Reproductive biology of spermaphytes]. Moscow: Nauka, 1981, 96 p.
2. Chandra D. P., Anita N. Stain technol. 1967, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 81–85.
3. Litvak A. I. Lyuminestsentnaya makro- i mikroskopiya v issledovaniyakh plodovykh kul'tur i vinograda [Fluorescent macro- and microscopy in research of orchard crops and grapes]. Kishinev: Shtiintsa, 1978, 111 p.
4. Nazarenko L. G. Roza efiromaslichnaya (istoriya, biologicheskie osobennosti i selektsiya) [Essential oil rose (history, biological features and breeding)]. Kiev: Naukova dumka, 1978, 200 p.
5. Nazarenko L. G. Nauch. trudy IELR [Proceedings of IELR]. Simferopol, 2006, iss. 26, pp. 49–54.
6. Nazarenko L. G., Min'kov B. P., Mustyatse G. I., Murin A. V. Kul'tura efiromaslichnoy rozy [Essential oil rose crops]. Kishinev: Shtiintsa, 1983, 187 p.
7. Makrushin N.M. Osnovy geterospermatologii [Basic heterospermotology].Moscow: Agropromizdat,1989,288p.
8. Semenova E. F. Embriologicheskie osobennosti rozy efiromaslichnoy v svyazi s intensifikatsiey selektsionnogo protsessa: avtoref. dis. kand. biol. nauk [Embryological features of essential oil rose and connection with breeding process intensification: author’s abstract of dissertation to apply for the degree of the candidate of biological sciences]. Simferopol: VNIIEMK, 1987, 23 p.